Except for text quoted by others, the views expressed are strictly those of Max Wideman.
Published here October 2016

Introduction | Lynda's Suggested Update | A Historical Perspective
The Real Problem | Definitions by Various Authors | Summary Conclusions

Definitions of "project" by Various Authors

The definitions in the following Table have been selected for inclusion in the next version of the Wideman Comparative Glossary of Project Management Terms.[19] The "Key Words & Phrases" column identifies thoughts that are not reflected in PMI's current definition of the term "Project". Of course many of these "new thoughts" are repeated in other definitions. We do not necessarily agree with all of them but the fact is, they are out there publicly. As you can see, several definitions appear to be confused with project management.

Ref #

Definition

PMGloss
Source

Date

Key Words & Phrases

Project Only

Yes

No

1342

A process for conducting work that produces a new product of one sort or another.

RMW

9/21/99

Process, work

 

X

1343

A process or undertaking that encompasses an entire set of activities having a definable starting point and well-defined objectives the delivery of which signal the completion of the project. Projects are usually required to be accomplished within limited resources.

CCCP

9/21/99

Activities, start point, signal completion, limited resources

X

 

1344

A set of activities directed to an overall goal. Also, the collection of data relating to the achievement of that goal. More specifically, a network of activities, or file(s) containing such a network.

WST

9/21/99

A network of activities, goal

 

X

1345

A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service.

PMK96

9/21/99

PMI's current definition

 

X?

1346

A unique venture with a beginning and an end, undertaken by people to meet established goals within defined constraints of time, resources, and quality.

OTOB

9/21/99

Unique, venture, people, constraints

 

X

1347

An endeavor in which human, material and financial resources are organized in a novel way, to undertake a unique scope of work of given specification, within constraints of cost and time, so as to achieve unitary, beneficial change, through delivery of quantified and qualitative objectives.

011

9/21/99

Human, material and financial resources, novel, unitary beneficial change

 

X (PM)

1348

An organized undertaking utilizing human and physical resources, done once, to accomplish a specific goal, which is normally defined by a Triple Constraint.

SPM

9/21/99

Physical resources, done once

 

X

1349

An organized undertaking, limited in time to achieve specific objectives.

NPMT

9/21/99

Organized

 

X

1350

Any temporary, organized effort that creates a one-time product, service, process, or plan.

PMMJ97

9/21/99

Organized, one-time

X

 

1351

Any undertaking that has a defined objective, a cost parameter, and a time element for its development. A cluster of activities that are pulled together to deliver something of value to a customer.

003

9/21/99

Cost parameter, development, value, customer

 

(PM)

1353

A novel undertaking or systematic process to create a new product or service the delivery of which signals completion. Projects involve risk and are typically constrained by limited resources.

RMW

9/21/99

Unique, novel, signals completion, risk, constraint

X

 

2619

A unique, novel and transient endeavor undertaken to achieve novel objectives and involving considerable risk and uncertainty.

023

8/24/00

Unique, novel, transient

X

 

3426

A systematic process for achieving a distinct objective. The "system" consists of a period of planning followed by a period of "doing", and this system is repeated at every level of detail. These two "periods" are the genesis of the project life span. Project management is the process of managing the project process.

RMW

9/18/00

Systematic, plan before doing, genesis, project life span, project process

X

 

3604

A one-time effort to accomplish an explicit objective by a specific time. Each project is unique although similar projects may exist. Like the individual activity, the project has a distinguishable start and finish and a time frame for completion. Each activity in the project will be monitored and controlled to determine its impact on other activities and projects.

PMST

7/6/00

One time, distinguishable start and finish, impact

 

X (PM)

3909

A temporary management environment, which is created in order to achieve a particular business objective through the control and co-ordination of logistical and technical resources.

PNG

9/27/00

Environment, business objective, control

 

X (PM)

4589

A unique set of coordinated activities, with definite starting and finishing points, undertaken by an individual or organization to meet specific objectives within defined time, cost and performance parameters. See also BS ISO 10006.

APM

12/11/08

Coordinated activities, organization, parameters

?

?

4751

Projects are performed by people, constrained by limited resources, and planned, executed, and controlled. A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service. Temporary means that every project has a definite beginning and a definite ending. Unique means that the product or service is different in some distinguishing way from all similar products and services. Projects are often critical components of the performing organizations' business strategy.

RUP

6/24/00

People, executed, controlled, definite beginning and end, distinguishing way, critical components, strategy

?

?

5066

A human endeavor legitimately regarded by its stakeholders as a project [because] it encompasses a unique scope of work that is constrained by cost and time [and] the purpose of which is to create or modify a product or service to achieve beneficial change defined by quantitative and qualitative objectives.

043

12/15/01

Legitimate, stakeholders, scope of work, create, modify, beneficial change

?

?

5067

A structure to complete a specific defined deliverable or set of deliverables. A project has a specific begin date and end date, specific objectives and specific resources assigned to perform the work. A project manager has overall responsibility and authority over a project. When the objectives are met, the project is considered complete.

TM

12/15/01

Structure, defined, begin/end date, work, responsibility, parameters

X

 

5068

A unique set of coordinated activities, with definite starting and finishing points, undertaken by an individual or organization to meet specific objectives within a defined schedule of cost and performance parameters.

057

12/15/01

Coordinated activities, organization, performance parameters

 

X (PM)

5069

Any organized business activity where an investment is made. It most commonly refers to the work of creating and operating a physical asset, such as a bridge or a building. However, it need not involve the creation of a new physical asset at all, for example if a company launches a new product that has been manufactured by existing assets. The project extends over the whole investment lifecycle of activity, not just the initial phases while the investment is being made.

RAMP

12/15/01

Business activity, investment, physical asset, lifecycle

 

X

5204

An undertaking that is focused on acquiring a specific product. The product may include hardware, software, and services. Typically, a project has its own funding, cost accounting, and delivery schedule.

SA-CMM

2/10/02

Focus, acquiring hardware, software

 

X (PM)

5432

A temporary organization in a management environment created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to a specified business case. A project is a finite process with a definite start and end. Projects always need to be managed in order to be successful.

PRNCX2

12/15/02

Environment, business products, business case, finite process, successful

 

X (PM)

5690

The work required to convert an opportunity into an asset.

070

2/17/05

Work, convert, opportunity

X

 

5819

A means for delivering strategy and beneficial change, e.g. added value, through discrete and unique pieces of work carried out by temporary teams under strict constraints and subject to uncertainty.

RMW

7/23/06

Strategy, beneficial change, work, teams, uncertainty

 

X (PM)

6133

A set of actions that are focused on an established set of outcomes.

117

12/17/08

Outcomes

 

X

6134

A container for work focused on a unique product.

116

12/17/08

Container

 

X

6135

A mechanism for the acquisition/creation and perhaps implementation of an enabler.

BRM

12/17/08

Acquisition/ creation, enabler

 

X

6136

A sequence of unique, complex, and connected activities having one goal or purpose that must be completed by a specific time, within budget, and according to specification.

114

12/17/08

Sequence, complex, connected, specification

 

X (PM)

6137

A structured set of activities concerned with delivering to the enterprise a defined capability based on an agreed schedule and budget.

115

12/17/08

Structure, enterprise, budget

 

X

6482

A time-constrained operation to realize a set of definable deliverables up to quality standards and requirements, the scope of which fulfills the project's objectives.

IPMA

3/9/12

Time-constrained, operation, deliverables

 

X

6483

A whole set of actions limited in time and space, inserted in, and in interaction with, a politico-socio-economic environment, aimed at and tended towards a goal progressively redefined by the dialectic between thought (the project plan) and the reality.

PMJ

3/9/12

Set of actions, space, politico-socio-economic environment, dialectic, reality

?

?

6936

A temporary organization that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to an agreed Business Case.

PRNC2

7/23/16

Organization, business products, Business Case

 

X (PM)

6937

A temporary organization to which resources are assigned to do work to bring about beneficial change.

139

7/23/16

Resources, assigned, beneficial change

 

X (PM)

Table 2: Definitions of "Project" to be included in the next Wideman Comparative Glossary update
DO YOU AGREE WITH THE "PROJECT ONLY" SELECTIONS?
The Real Problem  The Real Problem

19. See Note 17.
 
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